Psoriasis Skin Treatment, Symptoms and Causes

What is Psoriasis Skin Disease?

Psoriasis is a common skin condition that causes red, raised, scaly patches of skin that typically appear on the outside of the elbows, knees and scalp. It can also affect other areas of the body and face as well.²

Dermatologists and researchers have yet to identify the root cause, but it is believed that psoriasis is a genetic immune-related skin condition and is not contagious. Affecting men and women equally, psoriasis is most common in Caucasian adults, and it can come and go, clearing up for months or even years at a time.² There are also several types of psoriasis, so it’s best to see your dermatologist who can make a proper diagnosis if you experience any unusual skin changes. 

Symptoms of Psoriasis

Psoriasis often appears on the face, especially around the eyebrows, between the nose and upper lip or on the forehead. It can also affect parts of the body such as the knees, elbows and lower back. Symptoms can include skin flaking, redness and irritation, as well as raised patches of silvery scales.² Some people with psoriasis may have a single patch in one area, while others may have several patches that eventually join together and cover a larger area of skin.⁷ It’s important to keep in mind that signs of psoriasis can vary by type.

Causes of Psoriasis Skin Disease

Dermatologists and researchers have yet to pinpoint the exact cause of psoriasis, but it is generally believed this rapid overproduction of skin cells (and associated redness and inflammation) is a form of auto-immune disease. There also seems to be a genetic component to this chronic skin condition, so if your parents had psoriasis, you are more likely to experience it yourself.²

A chronic skin condition, psoriasis can clear and then flare up for no apparent reason, although several triggers have been identified. Environmental factors like sun exposure and cold, dry weather can cause an outbreak, as can lifestyle choices that create inflammation in the body such as smoking, drinking alcohol and eating ultra-processed foods. Stress can also lead to flare-ups as it impacts the body’s immune system. Over time, you may be able to figure out your unique triggers, and avoid them where possible to help keep your psoriasis in remission. A dermatologist can suggest additional treatments to help control your psoriasis symptoms if necessary.

Psoriasis Skin Treatment Options

If you’re wondering how to get rid of psoriasis, unfortunately, there is no permanent psoriasis cure—yet.⁸ However, psoriasis symptoms may clear up for extended periods of time before they come back.⁹ Because psoriasis has become so common, this condition is the subject of much dermatological research that has resulted in many prescription-based treatments, including topical, oral and injectable biologic medications.¹⁰

A good first step for addressing your symptoms is to target itching with an over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream, or everyday-use products containing ceramides and humectants such as urea. These ingredients help to restore a compromised skin barrier, smooth rough patches, and seal moisture into the skin.¹³

Common Treatments for Itchy Skin

When itchy skin strikes, try to resist the temptation to itch and find relief as soon as possible. You may find a lukewarm bath with oatmeal mixed into the water soothing as oatmeal contains a type of polyphenol called avenanthramides which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits.

The NHS also advises applying menthol creams and oil-based moisturisers to itchy skin to provide relief and ease psoriasis symptoms¹⁴.

Understanding and Managing Your Psoriasis 

Creating and maintaining a gentle and hydrating skincare routine should help you manage and prevent psoriasis from flaring up. For persistent cases of psoriasis and worsening symptoms that aren’t responding to over-the-counter products, you should seek the advice of a doctor or dermatologist. They will be able to advise you on next steps and prescription treatments.